What is the Process of Organic Fertilizer Production?

Organic fertilizer production is a systematic process that converts organic wastes into nutrient-rich, stable soil amendments through a combination of biological decomposition and physical processing. This sustainable process not only addresses the problem of organic waste disposal but also provides farmers with an eco-friendly alternative to chemical fertilizers. The entire production line consists of sequential stages, with key focuses on microbial digestion during composting and physical transformation in subsequent processing. Below is a detailed breakdown of the core process of organic fertilizer production. The first stage is raw material preparation, which lays the foundation for high-quality organic fertilizer. The main raw materials include various organic materials such as animal manure (cow dung, chicken manure, etc.), crop residues (straw, corn stover, etc.), and food waste. These raw materials are collected and sorted first to remove impurities like stones, plastics, and metal fragments that may affect the fermentation process and final product quality. For bulky materials such as crop straws or oil palm empty fruit bunches, preliminary crushing is often required to increase the contact area between the materials and microorganisms, thereby improving fermentation efficiency. At this stage, the key is to ensure the purity of raw materials and lay the groundwork for the subsequent control of moisture and carbon-nitrogen ratio. Composting (fermentation) is the core stage of organic fertilizer production, relying on microbial activity to decompose organic matter. During this process, the moisture content of the piled materials is strictly controlled at around 50-60%—a level that provides sufficient water for microbial metabolism while avoiding oxygen deficiency caused by excessive moisture. The carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N) is also a crucial parameter, which needs to be adjusted to an appropriate range (usually 25:1 to 30:1) by mixing high-carbon materials (such as straw) and high-nitrogen materials (such as animal manure) to meet the nutritional needs of microorganisms. To maintain aerobic conditions, the compost pile is turned regularly. This aeration not only supplies oxygen to aerobic microorganisms but also helps control the temperature of the pile, which typically reaches 60-70°C. This high-temperature environment can effectively kill pathogens, weed seeds, and insect eggs in the raw materials, while promoting the decomposition of organic matter into stable humus and stabilizing nutrients.

Click to Visit Site