Neuromodulation for Chronic Pain Management
Neuromodulation is a growing field of pain therapy that includes a variety of non-invasive, minimally invasive, and surgical electrical therapies. Deep brain and motor cortex stimulation, peripheral nerve stimulation, and non-invasive treatments such as repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation, and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation are examples of these therapies. SCS approaches that differ from typical SCS in terms of electrical variables have been authorised. Although procedures free of paraesthesias (for example, high frequency) should theoretically allow for placebo-controlled studies, few have been carried out. SCS is preferable to reoperation or traditional medical therapy for unsuccessful back surgery, according to data of low-to-moderate quality.
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