The Dual Meaning and Impact of Fertilizer Compaction
In the agricultural field, the term "fertilizer compaction" encompasses two distinctly different concepts: one is a beneficial process in fertilizer manufacturing—compaction granulation—and the other is a negative environmental problem caused by long-term fertilization—soil compaction. Although the names are similar, their principles, effects, and countermeasures are vastly different. Fertilizer Compaction Granulation: A Manufacturing Process to Enhance Efficiency Fertilizer compaction granulation is a production technology that transforms powdered fertilizer raw materials into dense, uniform granules through high-pressure physical action. This process is a core component of modern compound fertilizer (such as NPK fertilizer) production. The process mainly consists of three steps: First, powdered raw materials such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are thoroughly mixed according to the formula to ensure uniform nutrient distribution. Next, the mixed powder is fed between a pair of counter-rotating rollers, where it is compressed into solid sheets under high pressure without additional heating or humidification. Finally, these sheets are crushed and then sieved through vibrating screens of different mesh sizes to obtain finished fertilizers with uniform particle size. This technology has multiple core advantages. The granular fertilizers produced have a high nutrient concentration, significantly increasing the effective nutrient content per unit mass. The granular form also greatly reduces dust pollution during production, transportation, and application. At the same time, the uniform particle size helps achieve precise and uniform fertilization, improving crop absorption efficiency. From an environmental perspective, the entire process does not require heating or humidification equipment, reducing energy consumption and carbon emissions. In addition, the formula can be flexibly adjusted according to the needs of different crops and soils, enabling "customized" fertilizer production.
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