Bio-organic fertilizer fermentation: Microbial role and process control

The aerobic fermentation of bio-organic fertilizer is not the action of a single microorganism, but a complex process of microbial community succession. Different temperature stages are dominated by different groups of microorganisms: In the low-temperature stage (ambient temperature to 40℃), psychrophilic bacteria and some mesophilic bacteria (such as Pseudomonas and Enterobacter) first decompose easily degradable organic matter such as soluble sugars and starch, releasing heat and raising the temperature of the compost pile; in the mesophilic stage (40-55℃), thermophilic bacteria (Bacillus and Actinomyces) become the main force, decomposing more complex organic matter such as cellulose and hemicellulose, accelerating the temperature rise of the compost pile; in the high-temperature stage (55-70℃), thermophilic bacteria (Bacillus thermophilus and Actinomyces thermophilus) are active, efficiently decomposing lignin, crude fiber, and other recalcitrant substances, while simultaneously killing pathogens and parasite eggs; in the cooling and maturation stage (below 40℃ to ambient temperature), mesophilic bacteria regain dominance, further converting the small-molecule organic matter produced in the previous decomposition into humus, and functional bacteria (such as Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus mucilaginosus) can regain their ecological niche at this time.

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